Uterine infection or endometritis is inflammation of the uterine lining that is generally caused by infection. Uterine infections need to be treated immediately to avoid the possibility of complications in the form of infertility, aka infertility.
Uterine infections are divided into two, namely pregnancy-related endometritis and endometritis associated with pelvic inflammatory disease. The risk of a woman developing uterine infection increases after undergoing gynecological procedures, such as curettage and IUD installation (spiral KB), having a miscarriage, or giving birth by cesarean section.
Causes of Uterine Infection
Endometritis is generally caused by a bacterial infection that enters the uterus. The things that can cause uterine infections are:- Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as chlamydia and gonorrhea.
- Tuberculosis outside the lungs.
- Spread of germs from the vagina.
- Endometrial biopsy or medical procedure to take tissue samples from the uterine lining.
- There is residual tissue after the delivery process or miscarriage in the uterus.
- Amniotic infection.
- Premature rupture of membranes and prolonged labor.
- You have just had a miscarriage or have just given birth, especially if you have a cesarean delivery.
- Undergo a medical procedure that involves inserting an instrument from the cervix into the uterus. This can create a pathway for bacteria. For example hysteroscopy, spiral contraception installation, and dilation and curettage.
- Suffers from anemia.
- Giving birth in an unsterile health facility.
- Having a weak immune system, for example due to HIV infection or the use of immune system suppressing drugs.
Symptoms and Signs of Uterine Infection
Uterine infections can cause symptoms that vary. The following are various symptoms and signs of uterine infection that may occur:- Feel unwell.
- Fever.
- Pain in the lower abdomen and pelvis.
- Stomach swells.
- Abnormal bleeding in the vagina (outside of menstrual periods).
- Abnormal vaginal discharge accompanied by odor.
- Pain during sexual intercourse or urination.
- Feeling uncomfortable when defecating, including experiencing constipation.
Diagnosis of Uterine Infection
A general physical examination and pelvis will be done by a doctor to confirm the diagnosis of uterine infection. Some additional tests are also needed to confirm the diagnosis of endometritis, namely:- Examination of fluid coming out of the vagina.
- Urine tests and complete blood tests also need to be done to count the number of white blood cells and also the rate of blood sedimentation.
- Test for bacteria that might cause chlamydia or gonorrhea infections.
- Radiological examination such as CT-scan and pelvic ultrasound.
- Tissue sampling from the uterine wall or uterine wall biopsy.
- Laparoscopy.
How to treat uterine infections
Uterine infections are generally treated with antibiotics, and to prevent complications. Be sure to spend the antibiotics prescribed by your doctor. If your general condition is weak and uterine infections that occur are quite serious, especially those that occur after the birth process, you need to be hospitalized. Treatment at the hospital includes administering fluids and medicines through infusion and rest. The partner also needs treatment if the uterine infection is caused by a sexually transmitted disease. If uterine infection is not treated promptly, there is a risk of complications, including:- Infertility or infertility.
- The appearance of pus or abscess in the pelvis or uterus.
- Having pelvic infections and abdominal cavities (peritonitis).
- Sepsis or blood infection.
- Septic shock which causes very low blood pressure. This condition can be fatal and requires emergency treatment at a hospital.
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